Historically, technological developments have been driven by innovations in defence industries involving equipment, structure and vehicles. Governments allocate a significant share of their research and development resources for expenditures on military purposes, which for instance reached almost 30% in the US during early 1980’s. The resultant technology not only advances defence industries but spills over other civil industries that are crucial for promoting economic growth and development. Considering its pivotal role in fostering technological progress in a wider set of economic sectors from agriculture to space industries, the Economics Circle considers defence technologies and industries among its six major focus areas.

Within the context of the diffusion of defence technologies, a particular attention will be paid to the following themes.